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Specialty Pharma Company
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Amarillo Biosciences, Inc. (OTCBB: AMAR) is the world leader in the development of low-dose interferon for oral delivery and has progressed to Phase 2 clinical studies using its unique, patented interferon lozenges to treat human diseases.
Low-dose oral interferon has been shown to prevent death in mice infected with H1N1 or H5N1 influenza viruses. The University of Western Australia completed a Phase 2 clinical trial with 200 healthy volunteers during the 2009 winter cold/flu season in Australia. The study found that volunteers who took oral interferon had a shift from moderate to mild in the severity of cold/flu symptoms, compared to volunteers who received placebo. Significantly fewer volunteers in the interferon group who had been vaccinated against seasonal influenza had an episode of influenza-like illness during the study, compared to vaccinated volunteers in the placebo group. Additionally, volunteers over the age of 50 (high risk for influenza) experienced fewer episodes of influenza-like illness if they took interferon during the study, compared to those who received placebo. Laboratory results regarding viral infection rates during treatment are expected in the second quarter of 2010.
CytoPharm, Inc., AMAR’s licensee for Taiwan and China, is funding an ongoing Phase 2 study of oral interferon treatment of hepatitis C virus-infected patients in Taiwan. The study is expected to demonstrate the ability of oral interferon to reduce virologic relapse in patients who have completed standard therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Up to 50% of patients with certain genotypes of HCV relapse after receiving standard therapy. Reducing this relapse rate will represent a major breakthrough in the management of HCV. Preliminary results are expected by the end of 2010.
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Technology: Non-toxic Interferon
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Interferon is an immune modulator approved to treat some cancers, as well as viral and autoimmune diseases. AMAR has completed pre-clinical (animal trials) and human safety studies for its low-dose oral interferon product. The oral route of administration in humans uses a lozenge that is stable for up to 2 years at room temperature. Orally delivered interferon binds to mucosal cells in the mouth and throat, resulting in stimulation of the immune system through activation of hundreds of genes in the peripheral blood. Oral interferon is given in doses 10,000 times lower than injectable interferon, so side effects are virtually eliminated. AMAR has nine issued and four pending patents.
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Market Potential: $Billions
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Treating influenza in the USA and big 5 countries in Europe represents a potential multi-billion dollar market. Influenza infects 10% of the world’s population and kills one million per year.
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Management
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Joseph Cummins, DVM, PhD, founder and CEO, is a world expert in oral interferon and has 55 publications and 21 issued and pending patents. Dennis Moore, DVM, is retired from private veterinary practice. James Page, MD, Director, retired as Vice President with Adria Laboratories. Thomas D’Alonzo, JD, Director has been President of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Genevec and the US unit of what is now Glaxo SmithKline. Stephen Chen, PhD, Director was formerly Director of Pharmaceutical R&D at Ciba-Geigy. Martin Cummins, VP of Clinical & Regulatory Affairs has 18 years experience in clinical trial management and regulatory affairs. Bernard Cohen, MPA, CFO, has 30 years of accounting and management experience.
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Development Partners in 28 Countries
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AMAR has development partners in 28 countries: Turkey and 16 countries in Central Asia (Nobel); China and Taiwan (CytoPharm); Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (Cyto Biotech); Japan (Hayashibara Laboratories); Malaysia (Bumimedic); and India and Nepal (Intas).
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Capital Structure
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As of March 10, 2010, 53,225,065 common shares of stock are issued and outstanding with 25,287,096 shares reserved for stock grants, options, and warrants. No shares of convertible preferred stock are issued. The shareholders have authorized 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
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Disclosure
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This is neither an offering nor a solicitation of an investment in Amarillo Biosciences. Such an offering can only be made by means of the confidential private placement. Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including uncertainties related to product development, uncertainties related to the need for regulatory and other government approvals, dependence on proprietary technology, uncertainty of market acceptance of oral interferon and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, see “Item 1. Description of Business” and “Item 7A. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of the company’s form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.
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The goal of AMAR
Based on its multiple patented platform technology, the goal of the Company is to achieve FDA approval of its safe and effective low-dose oral formulation of human interferon alpha to treat multiple diseases. Phase 2 human studies are currently being conducted.
What is interferon?
Scientists discovered an antiviral protein in 1957 and named it “interferon” because it interfered with the growth of flu virus in chick embryos. In 1987, the FDA granted the first approval for injectable interferon to treat hairy cell leukemia. Since then, injectable interferon has gained FDA approval to treat various cancers, and viral and autoimmune diseases.
AMAR’s Pipeline for Human Health
Oral interferon has been tested and reported to be safe and beneficial in treating:
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Influenza
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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Chronic cough
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Fibromyalgia
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Chronic hepatitis C
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Multiple sclerosis
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Chronic active hepatitis B
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Respiratory syncytial virus
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Oral warts (papillomavirus)
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Oral mucositis – cancer
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Sjogren’s syndrome
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Aphthous stomatitis
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What is the market size for oral interferon?
The annual world market for human use of injectable interferon in 2007 was greater than $5 billion. The market is not yet developed for oral interferon. Low-dose oral interferon treatment of chronic cough in the US and EU is a potential multi-billion dollar market.
What is so special about AMAR’s oral interferon?
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Comparison
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Oral
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Injectable
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Dose
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Up to 500 IU
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Up to 10,000,000 IU
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Side Effects
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Rare/Mild
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Common/severe
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Treatment Cost
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Cost Effective
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Expensive
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Administration
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Lozenge/powder
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Needle/syringe
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Physician Visits
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Infrequent
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Frequent
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Stability
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Stable Room Temp
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Refrigeration Required
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Production
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Natural
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Recombinant
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How is AMAR’s interferon different?
Natural human interferon alpha is administered into the oral cavity in low doses (150 to 500 IU) as a small tablet (lozenge) that is allowed to dissolve in the mouth. Interferon binds to surface (mucosal) cells in the mouth and throat resulting in stimulation of immune mechanisms. Interferon is part of the first line of protection against infectious disease. Orally delivered interferon has been shown to activate hundreds of immune system genes in the peripheral blood of man, cattle, and mice. Human studies have shown that oral interferon is effective against viral and autoimmune diseases. Since oral interferon is administered in doses 10 thousand times less than doses given by injection, side effects are essentially eliminated.
AMAR’S PRODUCT
AMAR’s orally administered interferon lozenge has the following advantages over injectable interferon preparations on the market now: 1) It is given in low doses, 2) It is convenient and easy to administer, and 3) It causes almost no side effects.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
The Company will focus on global commercialization of low-dose oral interferon-alpha for the prevention/treatment of influenza. The Company plans to complete a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study and to start a Phase 2 dose-ranging study in 2010. The Company will seek a large global pharmaceutical partner to provide funding for Phase 3 clinical development, to assist with regulatory filings, and to launch the product globally. From the global pharmaceutical partner, the Company expects to receive milestone payments during development and royalties on sales once commercialization begins.
The Company has an ongoing proof-of-concept Phase 2 studies in the US for treatment of chronic cough in COPD and IPF patients. The Company’s licensee in Taiwan has an ongoing dose-ranging study for prevention of relapse in hepatitis C patients who have successfully completed standard treatment. The Company will seek large pharmaceutical partners to develop and commercialize oral interferon treatment for these other indications globally if the ongoing studies are successful.
INFLUENZA MARKET
Approximately 10% of the population worldwide develops symptomatic influenza each year, excluding epidemics and pandemics. WHO estimates up to 25% of the population may be infected in a pandemic. Last year 112 million US residents received flu vaccines according to industry figures. The global influenza vaccine market was approximately $2.2 billion in 2006 and will exceed $4 billion by 2016 according to Datamonitor (www.datamonitor.com). BCC Research estimates the 2010 worldwide influenza market including antiviral drugs and vaccines is likely to reach $7 billion with average annual growth of approximately 20%.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company owns or licenses 9 issued US patents and has 4 pending patents relating to the manufacture or oral use of interferon. A patent owned by the Company provides market exclusivity for low dose interferon given in a patented oral formulation. It is possible to extend the life of a patent through Patent Term Restoration for 1-1.5 years to recover FDA review time.
SUMMARY – AMAR’S INTERFERON-ALPHA LOZENGE
- Broadly patented, platform technology - in Phase 2 clinical trials.
- Formulation stable at room temperature for up to 2 years, safe and effective without significant side effects, easy to administer.
- Potential US & European markets for oral interferon treatment of various diseases – multi-billion dollars.
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